For individuals whose occupations require prolonged periods in front of a screen, it is likely that their eyes are experiencing adverse effects. After extensive hours spent on emails, video conferences, and data analysis, one may encounter symptoms such as headaches, dryness or discomfort in the eyes, and blurred vision.

 

Dr. Douglas Wisner, chief of cataract and primary eye care at Wills Eye Hospital in Philadelphia, notes, “It’s an occupational hazard in a digital society.”

What causes these visual disturbances, and should they be a cause for concern? Here are some insights.

 

What leads to blurred vision when using screens?

According to Amy Watts, director of vision rehabilitation at Massachusetts Eye and Ear Hospital, there are two primary factors. Firstly, individuals tend to blink significantly less when concentrating on a screen, which results in dryness of the eyes. “Your eyelids function like windshield wipers on a vehicle, ensuring that the surface remains smooth and clear,” she explains. A reduction in blinking is akin to raindrops accumulating on a windshield, obstructing visibility.

 

Secondly, the ocular muscles become fatigued after extended periods of focusing on a single point. “All of these muscles must function optimally to maintain clear vision,” Watts states. As the day progresses, these muscles tire, leading to a decline in visual clarity.

 

These conditions can result in temporary blurred vision and a variety of other symptoms, including headaches, redness, itchiness, fatigue, or general discomfort in the eyes.

 

What strategies can be employed to prevent or alleviate digital eye strain?

Incorporating visual breaks throughout your workday is crucial. Experts frequently recommend the 20/20/20 rule, which advises that every 20 minutes, one should look at an object at least 20 feet away for a duration of 20 seconds or longer. However, recent studies indicate that even the 20/20/20 approach may not suffice to prevent digital eye strain, suggesting that longer breaks—such as a five-minute respite every hour—might be more effective.

 

The essential message conveyed is to take regular breaks and avoid concentrating on a computer screen for extended periods, as stated by Watts. “This practice aids in relaxing your focus and allows your eye muscles to rest,” she explains. Short breaks also present an excellent opportunity to stand up, stretch, and engage in movement, which can enhance overall health.

 

Watts further advises that eye drops can alleviate the dryness associated with decreased blinking. While these drops can be used to address existing symptoms, they are most effective when applied preventively. If you are aware that you often experience blurry vision by the end of the day, it is advisable to use drops every few hours throughout the day. It is important to select preservative-free products, as those containing preservatives may cause irritation to the eyes, according to her.

 

Lastly, Watts emphasizes the importance of ensuring that your lighting is adequate and your screens are clean. A dirty or smudged screen can hinder your eyes’ ability to focus, leading to quicker fatigue.

 

What is the perspective on blue-light glasses?

Are these glasses, which purport to filter out blue light emitted by digital devices, truly beneficial? According to Steven Reed, president of the American Optometric Association, the most one can assert is that they are not harmful. However, there is a lack of substantial evidence regarding the effectiveness of these products, and existing studies indicate that they may not significantly reduce eye strain.

 

While investing in blue-light glasses may not be necessary, Wisner suggests that it is advisable to minimize screen exposure before bedtime, as nighttime device usage can disrupt sleep patterns. He notes, “Poor sleep quality can contribute to chronic fatigue, which in turn leads to eye strain,” emphasizing the interconnected nature of these issues.

 

Is it necessary to be worried about digital eye strain?

There is no need for excessive concern, according to Wisner. In most cases, digital eye strain does not indicate a significant problem or damage; rather, it is a common consequence of utilizing our eyes in ways they were not originally intended.

 

“For centuries, we did not engage in activities such as sitting at a desk and focusing on a computer or reading for extended periods,” Wisner explains. “Our bodies have not evolved to accommodate these practices.”

 

However, persistent or severe eye strain may indicate underlying vision issues, as noted by Reed. Therefore, it is advisable to seek professional evaluation if symptoms are troubling or do not improve with simple remedies like taking breaks or using eye drops. There may be straightforward solutions available, such as over-the-counter reading glasses or adjustments to an existing prescription, as Wisner suggests.

 

Additionally, if children report symptoms such as blurred vision or eye discomfort after using screens, it is important to take their complaints seriously, according to Reed. Research indicates that screen time may contribute to myopia, or nearsightedness, in children whose eyes are still developing, making it essential to consult a doctor regarding any concerning symptoms.